Parishes in italics have either been closed or merged.
When determining the “founding date” of a parish, there are a number of different dates that might be utilized, and different people, for one reason or another, will opt for a different set of dates. For example, is the “founding date” the year in which the church was built, or the year when Mass began to be celebrated, or the year when the parish (vs. the church) was canonically erected, or the year when the civil incorporation took place, or the year when the first priest was assigned, or when the name was assigned? There are a lot of options!
In the above list I have almost always opted for the year when organized worship began. Thus, in the case of Saint Joseph’s, West Milford and Saint Vincent Martyr, Madison I have opted for two fairly early years (in both cases before a church was built) because those years mark the beginning of regular parish life with regular worship and, in the case of Saint Joseph’s, parish sacramental records. Because of the varying ways in which our parishes were founded, almost any other effort to produce a consistent founding date will yield, I think, a lot of frustration. (For an example of this complexity view the very fine historical video on the parish website of Saint Jude’s Church, Hopatcong which details the confusing history of the four [now three] Catholic churches around Lake Hopatcong).
In the nineteenth century, a church achieved “parish” status when a permanent pastor was assigned. The earliest parish for which we have a formal canonical decree of erection with delineated boundaries is Saint Margaret’s, Morristown which Bishop Thomas J. Walsh of Newark formally separated from Assumption in 1930. A surprising number of our current parishes got their start as “Mass stations” (Saint Michael’s, Netcong) or “summer missions” (Saint Christopher’s, Parsippany started as a summer mission of Notre Dame, Cedar Knolls, which itself also started as a summer mission). Bishop James A. McNulty (1953-1963) was fond of creating “exploratory missions” to test the waters. Thus Father Joseph Meyer was sent to form an exploratory mission in the Towaco area in June 1959. A year later the mission was raised to formal parish status as Saint Pius X, Montville Township.
The twelve current parishes which trace themselves back to the Holy Name Province of the Franciscans are a whole separate story. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a zealous Franciscan friar, Father Francis Koch, O.F.M. was moved to raise funds for the building of churches in many small rural communities of northern New Jersey. Ultimately the Franciscans were operating more than twenty churches in Passaic and Bergen Counties. All of these churches were run as “missions” out of the two large Franciscan monasteries at Paterson and Butler. While many of these churches had a stable priest for years at a time, they were not canonically the pastor. For example, the Franciscan historian, Father Berard Vogt, O.F.M. served as “pastor” of Saint Joseph’s West Milford for over thirty years – but he never actually lived in West Milford; he commuted from Butler as needed. It was not until 1945, when Paterson’s first Bishop, Thomas H. McLaughlin (1937-1947) forced the issue with the Franciscans that this situation was changed. At that time the Franciscans gave up several “missions” (e.g. Holy Cross, Wayne, Saint James, Totowa) and assigned resident pastors to the others.
Another confusing issue is that of the names of the parishes and even the names of the places in which they are located. Several parishes have been more commonly known by different parts of their full name, and, as geographical designations have developed over the last century, the common location name has also changed. For example, the name of the parish in Little Falls Township today is commonly referred to as “Holy Angels, Little Falls.” But, the actual title of the parish is “Our Lady of the Holy Angels,” named after the Franciscan mother church in Assisi. In the nineteenth century the church was often referred to as “Saint Mary’s, Singac,” the neighborhood of Little Falls in which the church was built. In Western Morris County, Saint Mary’s church property is partially in Dover and partially in Wharton Boro, and is commonly referred to in records by both places, e.g. St. Mary’s, Dover, and Saint Mary’s, Wharton. In recent years, as some of the rural townships have grown in population, or as postal designations have changed, so have parish designations. Thus, Saint Thomas, Hainesville is now known as Saint Thomas, Sandyston, and Saint Jude’s, Hamburg is now known as Saint Jude’s, Hardyston.